Towards a semantic and goal-oriented O-RAN architecture: the 6G-GOALS approach

The semantic and goal-oriented communication paradigm is a fundamental shift in the design of next-generation 6G networks, aiming to support an increasingly connected, intelligent, and sustainable digital ecosystem. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture and operational framework developed within the 6G-GOALS project, with particular emphasis on its core design pillars: ultra-low latency, semantic communications, AI-native integration, energy efficiency, and enhanced network resilience. The paper details the novel architectural components of the 6G-GOALS framework, which builds on and extends the O-RAN architecture by integrating semantic-aware entities and protocols. Key enablers, including distributed AI, real-time, goal-driven decision-making, and adaptive orchestration of network functions, are presented, illustrating how these capabilities work in concert to realize fully semantic-aware, intelligent, and self-adaptive network operations capable of meeting the demands of next-generation connectivity. Finally, we provide an evaluation of the architecture’s potential to meet key performance indicators (KPIs), its alignment with sustainability goals, and its readiness for the evolving digital ecosystem. This analysis is intended to serve as a foundational reference for researchers and industry stakeholders working to advance the 6G vision.