Initial experimentation of a real-time 5G mmWave downlink positioning testbed

This work presents the initial experimentation of a real-time 5G mmWave downlink positioning testbed deployed at Airbus premises. This experimentation is part of a first-of-a-kind testbed for hybrid Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) and sensor positioning, called the Hybrid Overlay Positioning with 5G and GNSS (HOP-5G) testbed. The mmWave 5G base station (BS) exploits the 5G standard positioning reference signal (PRS) to support positioning capabilities within the 5G NR downlink transmissions. Outdoor field results are used to characterize the received power levels and beam-based angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation accuracy of this 5G mmWave PRS platform. The goal is to assess the suitability of this platform to enhance the positioning performance thanks to the 5G downlink mmWave transmissions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper presents the first AoA results using OpenAirInterface (OAI) PRS mmWave signal transmissions at 27 GHz for positioning. These initial field results indicate a maximum coverage of 30 m and an AoA accuracy limited by the reduced array size. The limitations and potential enhancements of this platform are provided as future recommendations.